Son de film féminin : le manque de reconnaissance professionnelle
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.34640/ct9uma2024rebandacoelhoMots-clés :
conception sonore, prix, femmes, reconnaissance, cinémaRésumé
Le département du son continue d'être l'un des plus sous-estimés et sous-évalués de l'industrie cinématographique. Compte tenu de son importance et de la dimension qu'il apporte à chaque film, nous avons décidé de mener une étude sur la reconnaissance des professionnels dans ce domaine. Cette recherche a analysé les films primés sur une période de 20 ans (2002-2022) dans les catégories liées à la meilleure conception sonore, à la fois lors de festivals du film importants (par exemple le Festival de Cannes) et lors de cérémonies de remise de prix tout aussi prestigieuses (Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (Oscars), European Film Awards). À la fin de notre collecte de données, nous avons réalisé une chose particulièrement significative : en 20 ans, lors de douze festivals et de deux cérémonies de remise de prix cinématographiques, il n'y a eu que 116 lauréats dans le domaine du son et seulement sept d'entre eux sont des femmes. C'est pourquoi nous avons décidé de mener une étude complémentaire sur la présence des femmes dans la création sonore pour le cinéma, afin de mieux comprendre la raison de cette grande disparité dans leur appréciation et leur reconnaissance. Notre objectif est donc de [...].
Références
Bell, M. (2017). Learning to listen: histories of women’s soundwork in the British film industry. In Screen, 58(4), 437–457. https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/hjx037.
Bottomore, S. (1990). An International Survey of Sound Effects in Early Cinema in Film History (org.). In Special Domitor Issue: Global Experiments in Early Synchronous Sounds. Indiana University Press, 4(11), 485-498.
Caetano, M. (2020, agosto 11). São invisíveis, mas sem eles não haveria espetáculos: os técnicos querem mais apoios. In Diário de Notícias. https://www.dn.pt/edicao-do-dia/11-ago-2020/sao-invisiveis-mas-sem-eles-nao-haveria-espetaculos-os-tecnicos-querem-mais-apoios-12511654.html
Cox, G. & Corner, J. (2018). Soundings: Documentary film and the Listening Experience. University of Huddersfield Press.
Dolby (2018). Surround Sound Past, Present, and Future. Dolby Laboratories Inc.
Elmosnino, S. (2018). Audio Production Principles: Practical Studio Applications. Oxford University Press.
Esquerda (2016, dezembro, 8). RTP: Greve dos trabalhadores do áudio põe "Praça da Alegria" fora do ar. Esquerda. https://www.esquerda.net/en/artigo/rtp-greve-dos-trabalhadores-do-audio-poe-praca-da-alegria-fora-do-ar/45885
Hanson, D. (1997). History of Sound in the Cinema. In 1997 BKSTS Bernard Happé Memorial Lecturewas sponsored by Dolby Laboratories inc. (pp. 08-13). https://thesounddesignprocess.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/dion-sound1.pdf
ICA. (2022). Regulamento Geral Relativo aos Programas de Apoios Financeiros. In Instituto do Cinema e do Audiovisual. https://www.icaip.pt/fotos/concursos/info/regulamento_geral_2022_3_marco_139596220b910a8044.pdf
Lacey, K. & Hilmes, M. (2015). Editors’ Introduction: Women and Soundwork. In Feminist Media Histories, 1(4), 1-4.
Gauvron, I. & Farina, M. (2020). Evaluación del alineamiento en tiempo absoluto a partir del parámetro acústico claridade. In Parra, C. & Andrés, C. (Eds.), Avances del audio en Latinoamérica (pp.20-25). Instituto de Educación Superior Tecnológico Privado Orson Welles y Audio Engineering Society Sección Perú. https://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/10915/120343/Documento_completo.2.pdf-PDFA.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Grossman, M. (2016). Women in Audio: Contributions and Challenges in Music Technology and Production. In 141st Audio Engineering Society Convention. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312116630_Women_in_Audio_Contributions_and_Challenges_in_Music_Technology_and_Production
Hanson, D. (1998). History of Sound in the Cinema. In 1997 BKSTS Bernard Happé Memorial Lecture sponsored by Dolby Laboratories inc. (pp. 08-13).
Horn, G. (2007). Movie Soundtracks and Sound Effects. Gareth Stevens Publishing.
Kerins, M. B. (2011). Dolby (Stereo): Cinema in the Digital Sound Age. Indiana University Press.
Kizer, R. J. (2017). Automatic for the People, Los Angeles. In CINEMONTAGE- Journal of the Motion Pictures Editors Guild. https://cinemontage.org/automatic-for-the-people
Kosfeld, M. & Neckermann, S. (2011). Getting More Work for Nothing? Symbolic Awards and Worker Performance. In American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 3(1), 86-99. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/mic.3.3.86
Lauzen, M. (2019). Behind-the-Scenes Employment of Women on the Top 100, 250, and 500 Films of 2018. In The Celluloid Ceiling. https://womenintvfilm.sdsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2018_Celluloid_Ceiling_Report.pdf
Leatham, T. (2024). The police riot technique Gaspar Noé used in ‘Irreversible’. In Far Out Magazine. https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/police-riot-technique-gaspar-noe-irreversible/
Lopez, M. (2021). Enhancing Audio Description: Inclusive Cinematic Experiences Through Sound Design. In Journal of Audiovisual Translation, 4(1), 157–182. https://doi.org/10.47476/jat.v4i1.2021.154
Mar, D. (2021). Acordo entre técnicos e estúdios trava greve de peso em Hollywood, Jornal de Negócios.
Melchior, V. (2019). High Resolution Audio: A History and Perspective. In J. Audio Eng. Soc., 67(5), 246–257.
Milicevic, M. (2016). Oneiric Film Sound and Human Brain. In European Scientific Journal, special edition (pp. 297-307). ISSN: 1857 – 7881.
Narrow the Gap. (2023). Women in arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations who worked full-time made 92 cents to the dollar men earned in 2023. Narrow the gap. https://narrowthegap.co/gap/broadcast-sound-and-lighting-technicians
O.C. Tanner (2024, 12 de fevereiro). The Superpower of Symbolism at Work. https://www.octanner.com/insights/articles/2023/1/11/symbols-at-work.html
Pereira, M. (2018). Técnicos do CCB fazem greve às horas extraordinárias. Diário de Notícias. https://www.dn.pt/cultura/tecnicos-do-ccb-fazem-greve-as-horas-extraordinarias-10113464.html
Russel, C. (2024). The controversial Cannes premiere that saw 250 people storm out. Far Out Magazine. https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/the-controversial-cannes-premiere-that-saw-250-people-storm-out/
Sainato, M. (2021). Union seeks Hollywood ending for film industry’s tale of exploitation. The Guadian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/sep/07/hollywood-film-industry-union-wages-conditions
Wright, J. (2009). Making the Cut: Female Editors and Representation in the Film and Media Industry. In Open Access Publications from the University of California. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0pz3k79s
Téléchargements
Publiée
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
(c) Tous droits réservés Inês Rebanda Coelho 2024

Ce travail est disponible sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International.
Pour plus d'informations, suivez le lien:CC Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0